The Book of Judith begins with a long explanation of the geopolitical situation in this part of the world. Nineveh is the regional superpower, and Nebuchadnezzar is its king. Holofernes is the general commanding of Nebuchadnezzar's army. At Nebuchadnezzar's direction, Holofernes sets out to conquer the other peoples of the region. Some are handily defeated in battle, while others simply surrender due to Holofernes' reputation. The Israelites lay in the path of destruction, but they cry out fervently to the Lord for deliverance. The Lord heard their cry and had regard for their distress.
Achior, leader of the Ammonites (allies of Nebuchadnezzar), tries to warn Holofernes about the strength of the Israelites' God. But he only incurs Holofernes' anger with his warning, and is exiled, with the promise that he will be killed once Holfernes conquers the Israelites. Exiled among the Israelites in Bethulia, Achior tells them what has come to pass, and they fall prostrate and worship God and call upon Him for help. Holofernes begins the siege of Bethulia, cutting off the water supply in an attempt to force the Israelites to surrender. This continues for 34 days, and all the cisterns run dry. The Israelites gather to contemplate surrender, but Uzziah, one of the rulers of Bethulia, urges them to trust the Lord and hang on for five more days. They agree to trust the Lord a little longer and wait in hope for His mercy.
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